Common Goldeneye

Common goldeneyes breed at high northern latitudes across North America and Eurasia, from Scotland and Scandinavia through northern Asia to Kamchatka and across much of Canada. They use boreal lakes and rivers for breeding and move to larger open waters, estuaries, and coasts during winter. Females measure around 40–50 centimetres and weigh about 800 grams; males reach 45–51 centimetres and roughly 1,000 grams. Breeding males have greenish-black heads, yellow eyes, and white facial patches (Animal Diversity Web).

Aquatic insects dominate the diet on northern breeding lakes, while wintering birds rely more heavily on fish, crustaceans, and molluscs. Seeds, tubers, eggs, and other plant material are also eaten. Goldeneyes are diving ducks and obtain most food underwater. Seasonal monogamous pairs form from December through March through elaborate group displays involving several competing males. The pair bond continues until the male leaves near the beginning of incubation. Females subsequently undertake most nesting and care of the ducklings (Animal Diversity Web).